CONCEPTION ET APPROPRIATION DE PARCOURS DE FORMATION CONTINUE D'ENSEIGNANTS : PROGRAMME PAIRFORM@NCE POUR LA FORMATION COLLABORATIVE EN LIGNE

11 pagesNational audiencePairform@nce est un programme national de diffusion de parcours de formation continue pour accompagner les enseignants dans l'intégration des technologies de l'information et de la communication dans leur enseignement. La contribution de l'INRP au programme porte sur la conception de plusieurs parcours de formation et sur l'identification des éléments à prendre en compte pour permettre la mutualisation et l'appropriation des ressources produites. Les premiers résultats obtenus permettent de considérer que la conception des parcours s'appuie sur l'émergence conjointe de viviers de ressources conçues dans l'usage et de communautés de pratique qui rassemblent, en particulier, les concepteurs initiaux des ressources et les formateurs qui se les approprient. Nous avons identifié dans le dispositif des éléments qui pourraient faciliter les processus de conception dans l'usage et l'émergence de ces communautés de pratique, tels que les principes Pairform@nce, le calendrier, l'assistant de formation et les formations de formateurs regroupant formateurs et concepteurs

TheNorth @ HaSpeeDe 2: BERT-based Language Model Fine-tuning for Italian Hate Speech Detection

This report was written to describe the systems that were submitted by the team “TheNorth” for the HaSpeeDe 2 shared task organised within EVALITA 2020. To address the main task which is hate speech detection, we fine-tuned BERT-based models. We evaluated both multilingual and Italian language models trained with the data provided and additional data. We also studied the contributions of multitask learning considering both hate speech detection and stereotype detection tasks

Molecular analysis of two local falciparum malaria outbreaks on the French Guiana coast confirms the msp1 B-K1/varD genotype association with severe malaria

BACKGROUND: Plasmodium falciparum outbreaks can occur in the coastal area of French Guiana, where the population is essentially non-immune. Two sporadic outbreaks were observed, including one with severe malaria cases. To characterize these outbreaks and verify previous observations of specific genotype characteristics in severe malaria in this area, all cases from each outbreak were studied. METHODS: P. falciparum genotypes for six genetic loci were determined by PCR amplification from peripheral blood parasites. The msp1/block2 and msp2 genotypes were determined by DNA sequencing. Microsatellite and varD genotyping was based on size polymorphism and locus-specific amplification. RESULTS: The outbreak including severe malaria cases was associated with a single genotype. The other mild malaria outbreak was due to at least five distinct genotypes. CONCLUSION: Two distinct types of outbreak occured despite systematic and sustained deployement of malaria control measures, indicating a need for reinforced vigilance. The varD/B-K1 msp1 linkage and its association with severe malaria in this area was confirmed

Sliding or stumbling on the staircase: numerics of ocean circulation along piecewise-constant coastlines

Coastlines in most ocean general circulation models are piecewise constant. Accurate representation of boundary currents along staircase-like coastlines is a long-standing issue in ocean modelling. Pioneering work by Adcroft and Marshall (1998) revealed that artificial indentation of model coastlines, obtained by rotating the numerical mesh within an idealized square basin, generates a \textit{spurious form drag} that slows down the circulation. Here, we revisit this problem and show how this spurious drag may be eliminated. First, we find that \textit{physical} convergence (i.e. the main characteristics of the flow are insensitive to the increase of the mesh resolution) allows simulations to become independent of the mesh orientation. An advection scheme with a wider stencil also reduces sensitivity to mesh orientation from coarser resolution. Second, we show that indented coastlines behave as straight and slippery shores when a true mirror boundary condition on the flow is imposed. This finding applies to both symmetric and rotational-divergence formulations of the stress tensor, and to both flux and vector-invariant forms of the equations. Finally, we demonstrate that the detachment of a vortex flowing past an outgoing corner of the coastline is faithfully simulated with exclusive implementation of impermeability conditions. These results provide guidance for a better numerical treatment of coastlines (and isobaths) in ocean general circulation models

Tempo and drivers of plant diversification in the European mountain system

There is still limited consensus on the evolutionary history of species-rich temperate alpine floras due to a lack of comparable and high-quality phylogenetic data covering multiple plant lineages. Here we reconstructed when and how European alpine plant lineages diversified, i.e., the tempo and drivers of speciation events. We performed full-plastome phylogenomics and used multi-clade comparative models applied to six representative angiosperm lineages that have diversified in European mountains (212 sampled species, 251 ingroup species total). Diversification rates remained surprisingly steady for most clades, even during the Pleistocene, with speciation events being mostly driven by geographic divergence and bedrock shifts. Interestingly, we inferred asymmetrical historical migration rates from siliceous to calcareous bedrocks, and from higher to lower elevations, likely due to repeated shrinkage and expansion of high elevation habitats during the Pleistocene. This may have buffered climate-related extinctions, but prevented speciation along elevation gradients as often documented for tropical alpine floras

The treasure vault can be opened: large-scale genome skimming works well using herbarium and silica gel dried material

Genome skimming has the potential for generating large data sets for DNA barcoding and wider biodiversity genomic studies, particularly via the assembly and annotation of full chloroplast (cpDNA) and nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) sequences. We compare the success of genome skims of 2051 herbarium specimens from Norway/Polar regions with 4604 freshly collected, silica gel dried specimens mainly from the European Alps and the Carpathians. Overall, we were able to assemble the full chloroplast genome for 67% of the samples and the full nrDNA cluster for 86%. Average insert length, cover and full cpDNA and rDNA assembly were considerably higher for silica gel dried than herbarium-preserved material. However, complete plastid genomes were still assembled for 54% of herbarium samples compared to 70% of silica dried samples. Moreover, there was comparable recovery of coding genes from both tissue sources (121 for silica gel dried and 118 for herbarium material) and only minor differences in assembly success of standard barcodes between silica dried (89% ITS2, 96% matK and rbcL) and herbarium material (87% ITS2, 98% matK and rbcL). The success rate was > 90% for all three markers in 1034 of 1036 genera in 160 families, and only Boraginaceae worked poorly, with 7 genera failing. Our study shows that large-scale genome skims are feasible and work well across most of the land plant families and genera we tested, independently of material type. It is therefore an efficient method for increasing the availability of plant biodiversity genomic data to support a multitude of downstream applications

Experts Consensus Recommendations for the Management of Calcium Channel Blocker Poisoning in Adults

Objective: To provide a management approach for adults with calcium channel blocker poisoning. Data Sources, Study Selection, and Data Extraction: Following the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II instrument, initial voting statements were constructed based on summaries outlining the evidence, risks, and benefits. Data Synthesis: We recommend 1) for asymptomatic patients, observation and consideration of decontamination following a potentially toxic calcium channel blocker ingestion (1D); 2) as first-line therapies (prioritized based on desired effect), IV calcium (1D), high-dose insulin therapy (1D-2D), and norepinephrine and/or epinephrine (1D). We also suggest dobutamine or epinephrine in the presence of cardiogenic shock (2D) and atropine in the presence of symptomatic bradycardia or conduction disturbance (2D); 3) in patients refractory to the first-line treatments, we suggest incremental doses of high-dose insulin therapy if myocardial dysfunction is present (2D), IV lipid-emulsion therapy (2D), and using a pacemaker in the presence of unstable bradycardia or high-grade arteriovenous block without significant alteration in cardiac inotropism (2D); 4) in patients with refractory shock or who are periarrest, we recommend incremental doses of high-dose insulin (1D) and IV lipid-emulsion therapy (1D) if not already tried. We suggest venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, if available, when refractory shock has a significant cardiogenic component (2D), and using pacemaker in the presence of unstable bradycardia or high-grade arteriovenous block in the absence of myocardial dysfunction (2D) if not already tried; 5) in patients with cardiac arrest, we recommend IV calcium in addition to the standard advanced cardiac life-support (1D), lipid-emulsion therapy (1D), and we suggest venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation if available (2D). Conclusion: We offer recommendations for the stepwise management of calcium channel blocker toxicity. For all interventions, the level of evidence was very low

mTor inhibitor GDC-0349 improves ASO induced SAMMSON knock down resulting in enhanced anti-tumor efficacy in uveal melanoma

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular malignancy in adults. The lack of an effective treatment results in a median survival time of less than one year for patients with metastatic disease and shows the high unmet need for the development of effective treatments. Recently, the melanoma-specific lncRNA SAMMSON was shown to be essential for skin melanoma survival. Analysis of a PAN cancer RNA-sequencing dataset revealed consistent expression of SAMMSON in uveal melanoma tumors. Targeting SAMMSON by means of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) results in a strong reduction in cell viability with induction of apoptosis of UM cells and slows down tumor growth in multiple UM PDX models. These effects were driven by impaired mitochondrial function and protein translation, resulting in cell death. To identify potential synergistic combinations, we combined SAMMSON knockdown with a library of 2911 FDA-approved drugs and quantified cell viability in a uveal melanoma cell line. The strongest synergy was obtained with the mTOR inhibitor GDC-0349. Combining SAMMSON knockdown with mTOR inhibition resulted in enhanced impairment of mitochondrial function and protein synthesis. Interestingly, we observed a more pronounced knockdown of SAMMSON when combining SAMMSON targeting ASOs with GDC-0349, suggesting mTOR inhibition facilitates ASO uptake in uveal melanoma cells. Further experiments are ongoing to confirm this mechanism. Taken together, these results demonstrate that SAMMSON inhibition in combination with mTOR inhibition could be a novel treatment option for uveal melanoma patients

High resolution ancient sedimentary DNA shows that alpine plant diversity is associated with human land use and climate change.

The European Alps are highly rich in species, but their future may be threatened by ongoing changes in human land use and climate. Here, we reconstructed vegetation, temperature, human impact and livestock over the past ~12,000 years from Lake Sulsseewli, based on sedimentary ancient plant and mammal DNA, pollen, spores, chironomids, and microcharcoal. We assembled a highly-complete local DNA reference library (PhyloAlps, 3923 plant taxa), and used this to obtain an exceptionally rich sedaDNA record of 366 plant taxa. Vegetation mainly responded to climate during the early Holocene, while human activity had an additional influence on vegetation from 6 ka onwards. Land-use shifted from episodic grazing during the Neolithic and Bronze Age to agropastoralism in the Middle Ages. Associated human deforestation allowed the coexistence of plant species typically found at different elevational belts, leading to levels of plant richness that characterise the current high diversity of this region. Our findings indicate a positive association between low intensity agropastoral activities and precipitation with the maintenance of the unique subalpine and alpine plant diversity of the European Alps